Exposure and infection to Plasmodium knowlesi in case study communities in Northern Sabah, Malaysia and Palawan, The Philippines.

Exposure and infection to Plasmodium knowlesi in case study communities in Northern Sabah, Malaysia and Palawan, The Philippines.

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BackgroundPrimarily impacting poor, rural populations, the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi is now the main cause of human malaria within Malaysian Borneo.While data is increasingly available on symptomatic cases, little is known about community-level patterns of exposure and infection.Understanding the true burden of disease and associated risk factors within kicker pro comp 10 endemic communities is critical for informing evidence-based control measures.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted comprehensive surveys in three areas where P.

knowlesi transmission is reported: Limbuak, Pulau Banggi and Matunggung, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia and Bacungan, Palawan, the Philippines.Infection prevalence was low with parasites detected by PCR in only 0.2% (4/2503) of the population.P.

knowlesi borstlist självhäftande PkSERA3 ag1 antibody responses were detected in 7.1% (95% CI: 6.2-8.2%) of the population, compared with 16.

1% (14.6-17.7%) and 12.6% (11.

2-14.1%) for P.falciparum and P.vivax.

Sero-prevalence was low in individuals Conclusions/significanceThis is the first study to describe serological exposure to P.knowlesi and associated risk factors within endemic communities.Results indicate community-level patterns of infection and exposure differ markedly from demographics of reported cases, with higher levels of exposure among women and children.Further work is needed to understand these variations in risk across a wider population and spatial scale.